![]() ![]() This enormous scientific legacy is largely locked into the typed or handwritten labels mounted with the specimen or in associated ledgers and field notebooks. These specimens span more than 200 years of biodiversity research and are an important source of data on species populations and environmental change. Among those specimens are nomenclatural types that underpin the whole of formal taxonomy and define the species concept. Their labels hold data on species distributions, scientific names, traits, people and habitats. These specimens are irreplaceable and contribute to a diverse range of scientific fields ( Suarez and Tsutsui 2004 Pyke and Ehrlich 2010). ![]() However, estimates of three billion seem reasonable ( Wheeler et al. We do not know how many specimens are held in the world's museums and herbaria. ![]()
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